Finland — Opt-out
The most workable regime in Europe: the law is channel-neutral. Any request to stop applies across all our clients.
Act on Electronic Communications Services 917/2014, § 202
Six commitments built into the platform, which we can document on request.
Our data comes from business websites, public business listings and official registries. The sources are presented one by one on our data page.
murmur applies sending rules country by country, and adapts the channel and the data it uses to the country of each business. Some countries are not prospected without documented consent.
Every message sent from murmur includes a way to opt out. An opt-out applies across all murmur clients, and to data exports too.
murmur detects the same business listed under several domains, to avoid contacting it twice in the same campaign.
Your name and your reply address appear in every message.
A send that isn't proven is never charged.
B2B prospecting does not follow the same rules everywhere. And because everything runs through our infrastructure — we find the company, we write the message, we send it —, the responsibility for every send is ours, not yours. We take it on because we are the only ones in a position to hold it. Here is our reading, country by country — including the countries where we do not send, because that is what makes the countries where we do credible.
The most workable regime in Europe: the law is channel-neutral. Any request to stop applies across all our clients.
Act on Electronic Communications Services 917/2014, § 202
Prior consent only covers natural persons: prospecting a company through an impersonal contact point falls under the right to object. Sole traders are handled separately.
Art. L.34-5 CPCE; CNIL doctrine on generic addresses
Open towards companies (AB); sole proprietorships (enskilda firmor) are protected as individuals and excluded from our targeting. The law requires an objection address in every message: a precondition for any Swedish campaign.
Marknadsföringslagen, § 19 and § 20
Open towards registered companies. Sole traders are individuals under the law: when status is in doubt, we treat the recipient as an individual — the regulator’s (ICO) position.
PECR, regulations 22 and 23
An objection regime towards businesses — but every non-compliant message is a distinct criminal offence. We apply the strictest reading of the text.
S.I. 336/2011, regulation 13
The B2B derogation requires two cumulative conditions: a legal person AND an impersonal contact point. The burden of proof sits with the sender — we only rely on it when both conditions are established.
Art. XII.13 Code of Economic Law; Royal Decree of 4 April 2003, art. 1, 2°
Consent is waived when the recipient is a legal person, under the same strict conditions as in the UK and Belgium: the DGC objection list is checked before sending, sole traders and regulated professions are excluded, and the message is announced as advertising upfront.
Law 41/2004, art. 13.º-A(2)
The B2B exception assumes the company has declared it wishes to receive marketing — a condition the regulator, decision in hand, found met on none of the 50 company websites it checked. We consider it unusable as it stands.
Art. 11.7, lid 3a, Telecommunicatiewet; Companeo decision (€100,000)
No B2B exception, even on first contact, and an appellate court has already ruled that an address published on a website is not consent. We do not prospect in Germany without documented consent.
§ 7 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 UWG; OLG Hamm, 18 U 154/22
Prior consent, applicable to foreign senders as soon as the message reaches an Austrian connection. We do not prospect in Austria without documented consent.
§ 174 TKG 2021; RTR objection list
The only country where our exact channel has been ruled on — unfavourably: the Consumer Ombudsman held that a message submitted through a contact form is electronic mail. We do not prospect in Denmark without documented consent.
Markedsføringsloven, § 10; Forbrugerombudsmanden, case 16/11352 (14/11/2016)
The law defines the protected recipient as expressly including legal persons, and the public opt-out register only covers phone and postal mail: no compliance path exists for electronic messages. We do not prospect in Italy without documented consent.
Privacy Code, art. 130 and art. 121(1-bis)(f)
No unsolicited commercial electronic communication: the protected recipient is 'any natural or legal person, whether or not acting in a professional capacity' — closing both B2B loopholes in turn. We do not prospect in Spain without documented consent.
Ley 34/2002 (LSSI), art. 21 and annex
Other countries are under legal review and will join this page once our reading is established.
This page describes our own practice and our reading of the texts. It is not legal advice: every campaign is scoped individually, country by country, before anything is sent.